Endocrine and Excretory Systems

Vice Coordinator

Assist.Prof.Dr. Müge Kopuz Alvarez Noval

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Aylin Yaba Uçar,PhD

Assist.Prof.Dr.Alev Cumbul ,PhD

Assist.Prof.Dr. Uğur Baran Kasırga,MD

Define the functional anatomy of the kidneys and renal circulation

Explain the physiology of renal blood flow.

Define glomerular filtration.

Explain the mechanisms involved in the regulation of renal function

Define the composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate and explain how it is produced.

Explain how the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs salt and water.

Define active transport and osmosis in the loop of Henle

Explain the vasa recta function

Define urinary bladder and smooth muscle contraction

Explain micturition and mechanisms

Define micturition reflex

Explain causes of incontinence and retention

Define osmotic pressure

Explain the regulation of osmolarity

Define the buffer mechanisms and explain their relevant roles in the body

Explain the regulation of acid-­‐base balance

Explain the principles of blood gas and acid-­‐base analysis

Describe hormones according to their chemical structures and give examples

Explain hormone secretion and control mechanisms

Define hormone transportation mechanisms in blood

Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the integration of neuro-­‐humoral responses

Explain the control of secretion and the functions of pituitary hormones

List the hormones released by the posterior pituitary,

Define the synthesis and functions of thyroid hormones

Explain how the thyroid hormones secretion is regulated

Define thyroid disorders and diseases

Define the types and actions of corticosteroids

Define the control of secretion and the functions of adreno-­‐cortical hormones

Explain disorders and diseases of the adrenal gland

Explain the actions of PTH and the regulation of its secretion.

Define the actions of calcitonin and the regulation of its secretion.

Explain synthesis and role of vitamin D in bone mineralization

Define the actions of pancreatic hormones

Explain the control of blood glucose levels

Define pathogenesis of type I and II diabetes mellitus

Explain spermatogenesis and hypothalamo-­‐hypophyseal control mechanisms

Explain functions and and hormonal control mechanisms of testosterone

Define male reproductive system disorders and diseases such as infertility and prostate hyperplasia

Explain oogenesis and hypothalamo-­‐hypophyseal control mechanisms

Define monthly menstruel cycle and ovarian and uterine changes

Define menopause and hormonal changes

Explain metabolic changes in the mother during pregnancy

Define functions of plasenta

Define labor process and hormonal control of myometrial contractions

Define lactation and hormonal factors involved

Name five major segments of the nephron and summarize the chief functions of each segment

State where juxtaglomerular cells are situated and discuss their functional importanceSpecify the lining epithelium and arrangement of smooch muscle in the urinary passages and bladder

Recognize chromophils in the pituitary and list the hormones they produce

Outline how thyroid hormone is produced by thyroid follicular epithelial cells

Name two hormones that regulate osteoclast activity and summarize their action

Draw a labeled diagram of a thyroid and an adrenal gland showing the sites of production of all hormones

Identify histological specification of kidney, thyroid and adrenal gland.

List the innervation,lymphatics,vasculature of the Thyroid and parathyroid organs in addition to their neighbourhoods.

Tell the examples of the anatomical complications of the thyroid masses’ compressions and the thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.

Define the surface landmarks for to tap the nerve for to check the Chvostek sign.

Explain the neighbourhoods of the Thymus in addition to its lymphatics and vasculature.

Define the layers, innervation, vasculature and lymphatics of the kidneys.

List the fascias, fatty tissues and muscles from skin to kidney in the correct order.

Explain the parts of the uretries, in addition to crosses with other anatomical structures, vascularization and lymphatics.

Define the 3 faced pyramidal shape of the bladder, in addition to its muscular wall,vasculature and lymphatics.

Explain the innervation of the bladder and therby the micturition functional anatomy.

Define the parts of the urethra with their neighbourhood organs and surrounding glands, in addition to lymphatics and vasculature.

Explain the lymphatics, vasculature,innervation and the parts of the Prostate gland.

List the internal and external organs of the male genital system.

Explain the innervation,lymphatics and vasculature of the Penis and the scrotum.

List the layers of the scrotum and the fascias of the Scrotum and the penis with their elongating origins in the abdominal region.

List the female internal and external organs.

Explain the innervation, lymphatics and vasculature of the uterus,ovaries, Fallopian tubes cervix,vagina, clitoris and the labiums.

List the ligaments that stabilize and surrounds the uterus and ovaries and their contents.

Define the glands of the female genital system with their opening levels.

Define the borders of the Perineum, Urogenital and Anal triangle.

List the deep and superficial perineal pouch with its borders and contents.